If you're referring to the white areas in the gouges, I'm afraid you're seeing zinc rot from the zinc core - 1982 and later Lincolns have a zinc core that reacts with environment if exposed. The squiggles on Lincoln's shoulder and hair look like cracks or scratches in the copper cladding letting zinc corrosion through. All post-mint damage (PMD), either environmental or physical. Cool toning on it, though.
Zinc is often used as a sacrificial metal in marine applications. Very reactive with the environment. But inexpensive and certainly less expensive to other forms of deterioration of other metals (eg galvanic deterioration). In short: not the best substrate but economical in the short term.
