What exactly is this thing highlighted in the photo? I can't find any reference describing it. To me it looks like a piece of leather or cloth that would protect the back of the neck from the bronze helmet. But I suppose it could be jewelry, hair, or something else. Any help?
Proof positive.... And now I'll go stand in the corner. Another 'green' driveby, without the weapon......
Out of curiosity, why is the hair comprising her bangs rendered in smooth lines, while the hair in the back can only be described as a "beaded mullet?"
I think that it would be a piece of leather or cloth like material that protects the back of the neck below the helmet and above the upper torso armor. Something is needed when the helmet is tilted back, but still worn as shown in a lot of Greek pottery.
Archaic coins clearly show beads for hair, maybe representing braids (see image below from Heritage). It certainly is plausible for the Athenian tetradrachm as well. Though I can't recall any other representations of Athena wearing braids or an up-do.
Apparently it's quite common. I just did a quick search of CNG and found many examples. Here's the first two that popped up: https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=22041 https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=22511 Here's one without beads: https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=392639 I think the reason it may seem foreign to you is that the neck below the helmet is often off the flan: https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=392643 https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=392642
I'm coming around to the hair hypothesis. Looking at the archaic examples, here is one that is most likely hair, with the hair on the forehead and at the back of the neck in lines. From Roma via acsearch. Now here's one with beads on the forehead and on the neck, suggesting that it is hair. From Heritage via acsearch. And here's one showing lines on the forehead and dots on the back of the neck. From NAC via acsearch. To me, this last one doesn't look like well-defined beads, but instead are lines to which the engraver attempted (crudely) to give some texture. Perhaps this evolved into well defined beads?
Well, it is indeed hair and we know this because it is very easily seen in other types of artwork, not just on coins. The look may have been achieved in a number of ways, braided, beaded, tied, maybe even 'dread locks'. Here are a few examples which should make it easier to accept:
True, but I have not found any examples of Athena wearing her hair in braids, or any cases at all of the braids curving back up. In all examples of sculpture or pottery I have found where you can see Athena's hair it is free flowing below her helmet. The "hair" on the coins doesn't look much like the hair on these kouroi and kore. So why did this "official" portrait of Athena suddenly get an up-do?
Interesting. I think that the fact that New Style tetradrachms depict Athena's hair in the same position is telling. Her hair is usually free flowing there, as is usual for Athena. However, I noted some Archaic sculptures do show her with quasi-braided hair. Here is the pediment from the Old Temple of Athena in Athens, from circa 500 BC (the same time as some of the early Athenian tetradrachms): Likewise, the Athena from the Temple of Aphaea, circa 500 BC:
I too think it's hair. I made all these same arguments in an FAC string on the topic not too long ago. See below link. https://www.forumancientcoins.com/board/index.php?topic=117078.0
I also believe it is her hair although there is room for disagreement . The swept back and then turned up hair is known on other coins. Imagine Arethusa's hair under a Corinthian helmet: Image from CNG's archives I don't know why Athena's hair is straight (or unbraided) at her forehead and apparently braided further down. Could the area in question be a decorated leather flap? The shape seems right but I don't recall seeing such decorations depicted on leather caps of statues and busts.
I don't think so. Such flaps were on Corinthian-style helmets, not Attic-style helmets. Look at a New-Style tetradrachm for guidance. It shows a similar image and helmet type (though with triple crest), in a more "modern" rendering. No flap visible there.
Interesting. Maybe whoever made the design for the Athenian Tetradrachm (I hope he signed a royalty agreement) was inspired by this type.