A "raised blob on the rim" of your dime . . . Seriously, if it's not raised, I believe you're looking at a rim burr struck into the coin.
Based upon what I have seen over the years you can find somebody who will call it everything you have listed in your poll. And some of those will argue with anybody who calls it something/anything besides what they call it. As for me, I don't care WHAT ya call it because it is what it is - a raised blob of metal on the rim of a coin caused by a die break. This brings me to one question - what do you call it ?
I am assuming that the area in question along the rim is RECESSED. If this is the case I would consider it a chipped die, but wouldn't get into an argument with someone who wanted to call it a cud. The bubbles under the bust bother me and I agree with @messydesk that it may be some sort of glue or polymer. It's just strange how it aligns with the rim chip. There is a failure mechanism in glass called glue chipping (it is also used as a decorative technique). When glue adheres to the surface of glass and begins to dry, it contracts. This puts localized areas of the glass into tension (glass and ceramics are pretty weak in tension) resulting in chips breaking off the surface. Metals aren't brittle so I don't know if this is applicable but if the bubbles indicate glue and the "cracks" seem to line up, maybe. I've done fractography and break source analysis on glass and polycrystalline ceramics but not metals. I think @Kentucky or some others on here have metallurgy backgrounds and may be able to tell me I'm wrong. BTW: is anybody old enough to remember windows falling out of the John Hancock Building in Boston during the 70's. Something similar was the root cause (consider that your useless engineering/science fact for the day)
My business card says, "CURMUDGEON". Somebody has to be. It's a valuable service to the world at large. I also call the OP's picture "way too yellow". Color matters.
That was too easy! Remember don't trust an image... Now I'm going to highjack my own thread to show a really neat Kennedy 50c. The planchet had deep scratches that were not completely struck out. The way we can tell the marks were on the planchet is the "original" unstruck planchet surface color in the marks. The one thru the "L" is beautiful! Wish I owned this piece for class. You can see the same effect on Morgan dollars where the "roller marks" were not struck out. Those marks have the same "white frost" inside the mark.
Cannon power Shot. Software? Most of the time I don't bother to color correct the images. Silver looks gold. the florescent light throws everything off.
In the case of photography, it SELDOM does. 'Tuck's illustration is of a wooden "field camera", a tool I'd choose for truly important photography over any DSLR any day. 4x5 Ektachrome, a stout scanner, and I'll walk rings around a 36MP DSLR.
Although I admit to being a fan of a fair amount of newer equipment, you'll hear no arguments from me. Indeed... but just don't tell the CaNikon fanboys.