Sometime the black ends are used as a count marker in ATM machines. But I don't think that is what this note is. The red underneath the black is unusual. Looks like someone with time to kill and a magic marker to me as well.
Maybe its come out of a dye pack after a robbery. A "dye pack" is a radio-controlled security device used by banks to foil robberies by permanently staining stolen cash and the suspect with a bright, indelible dye