the first is a 1957d whit an extra dot of copper around the adams apple the second is a 1946s,the 19 you can see, it but the 46 is almost gone the last one 1956d is the D out of place or am i xeyed. Are this good errors and what are they called
Well it depends on your definition of error. The small dot would be from a corresponding chip or gouge in the striking die, These were common in Lincoln cents from the 40's -50's and although one could say it's an error it carries no real premium. As for the date, that is likely from grease or other gunk filling in the letters on the striking die. Once again this is common and only very extreme fills such as no date would carry a substantial premium. Last is the mint mark location. until 1990 the mint mark was placed on the striking die manually, this gave rise to 2x, 3x and oddly placed mint marks. If the mint mark is strongly doubled or is really far from where it should be it would probably catch a premium on ebay if the right person were looking for it. But otherwise a mint mark that is not perfectly set would be expected of a hand placement. Everyone has a slightly different opinion of what constitutes an error. To me they are errors but very minor and common enough that I don't set them aside. But it's in the eye of the beholder. If you like the coin keep it, who knows...Someday?
The raised dot is interesting. A die chip seldom develops in the middle of the field. It could be a small, circular die dent. Or, most intriguingly, it coud be a Rockwell test mark. That's a hardness test applied to both dies and planchets. After testing, the die is supposed to be discarded. Since the blemish is circular, that would correspond to the shape of a Rockwell test mark. In uncirculated specimens it should appear cone-shaped or dome-shaped. Yours appears rather flat, but that could be due to wear. Unfortunately, your specimen is probably too worn to be sure.
