India, Mughal Dynasty: Shah Jahan (AH1037-1068/AD1628-1658), AR Rupee, Daulatabad mint, AH1062/RY 25

Shah Jahan (AH1037-1068/AD1628-1658), AR Rupee, Daulatabad mint, AH1062/RY 25 (11.3 g, 22.8 mm)

(Almost) complete mint name in the right margin of the reverse

 

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Beautiful coin. I know very little about these Mughal rupees, but I have a couple of them. These came in a lot - if attributed these correctly, they are the same but for the date:



India, Mughal Empire Rupee
Shah Jahan
Year 19 /AH 1056 (1645 A.D.)
Surat Mint
Central inscription within square, knots at corners / Central inscription within square, knots at corners
KM 235.23
(11.43 grams / 21 mm)


India, Mughal Empire Rupee
Shah Jahan
Year 21 /AH 1057 (1647 A.D.)
Surat Mint
Central inscription within square, knots at corners / Central inscription within square, knots at corners
KM 235.23
(11.51 grams / 21 mm)

 

You are right. The mint name is indeed “Surat”, seen in the left margin of the first image. The second set of images (the obverse) is upside down. The AH years, in the left margin of the obverse, are partly/completely off-flan: 10(5)? on first, off-flan on second.

The legends are.

Obverse: (Central square, from top to bottom) Kalima: La ilaha illa Allah/Muhammad/Rasool Allah (Margins; starting 6 o’clock) Names and attributes of the Four Caliphs: Ba sudq Abu Bakr (By the Truth of Abu Bakr)/Wa Adal Umar (and the Justice of Umar) (AH year)/Ba Rizmay Usmaan (by the Modesty of Usman)/Wa Ilme Ali (and the Wisdom of Ali)

Reverse: (Central square, from bottom to top) (Ry year) Shah Jahan/Badshah Ghaz/i (Shah Jahan, emperor, champion of faith); (Margins; starting 12 o’clock) Shahib al-deen/ Muhammad Sahib/Qiran Sani (Flame of the faith of Muhammad, Second Lord of the Favourable Conjunction of the Planets)/Zarb Surat (struck at Surat)

 

This coin got me interested in planetary conjunctions early last year:


Mughal Rupee Shah Jahan, Agra, AH 1038
Silver, 22 mm, 10:47 gm, KM 222.1
Mint: Agra

Obverse: Four horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Badshah Ghazi (Emperor and fighter for Islam)
Line 2: Muhammad Shah Jahan (King of the World)
Line 3: Shahab ud-Din (Star of the Faith)
Line 4: Sahib Qiran Sani Ahad (Second Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction, First year of reign)

Reverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: "There is no god but Allah"
Line 2: "Muhammad is his messenger"
Line 3: Sanat Dar-i-Khilafa Agra (Struck at seat of capital Agra)
The year "1038" is on the left side of the reverse and is hard to read.
AH 1038 is around AD 1628.
The coin has no regnal year but the word "ahad" meaning "first year".

Shah Jahan was the "Second Lord of the Auspicious Conjunction" as his ancestor Timur was the First Lord.

A conjunction is an astronomical and astrological term meaning that two planets are close to each other in the sky.

The "Auspicious Conjunction" was usually Jupiter-Venus which occurs every one or two years.

Shah Jahan was born on January 5, AD 1592.
The nearest conjunction of Jupiter-Venus occurred 100 days before on September 24, 1591 which was probably close enough.

Recently on December 21, 2020 there was a "great conjunction" of Jupiter and Saturn which occurred about every 20 years.

 

Amit Vyas -Thank you for your posts and your comments on other posts. Your knowledge and explanations are educational and entertaining. I very much appreciate what you have added to this site. Please continue!

 

Thank for the additional detail - and sorry about the photo inversion! A testament to my inexperience with these. They are lovely and I will try to learn more as I go along.

 

Very nice, complete coin.

The obverse has “Sanah Ahad” at the end of line 2. The reverse has “Zarb” (struck at) above the mint name, with the AH year written without “Sanah”.