Again, if die polishing is the only explanation, where did the mark on Abe and the memorial come from?
No, that is for clad coinage - not cents. Cent planchets are plated with copper after the planchets are cut from the rolls of zinc. Otherwise how would you have copper on the edge of the coin ?
That is you answer then. If they are electroplated, then the zinc is cleaned prior to the plating. Brushed one way then the other.
Doug, Due to the extreme pressure under which the coins are struck, if the grease travels along and parallel to the Die Polish lines and meets with resistance, then it will exert pressure at right or left angles to the lines in an attempt to release the pressure that has developed! The resistance in this case being the devices which have lines (such as hair lines, beard lines, ear lines, etc.) which sometimes cross the Die Polish lines at right or left angles and should somewhat obstruct the linear flow of the grease. IMHO, the texture on the entire coin from the area above the Memorial Building to the linear lines which show virtually the same texture, are all orange peel. Frank
But there will be no resistance because the devices, legends etc are all recessed in the die. It's not like the grease is flowing along and suddenly runs into a wall - the grease is flowing along and suddenly runs into a hole. That means there is no resistance whatsoever. Fair enough, if that is what you wish to call it. But the numismatic community calls orange peel what I circled - nothing else.
Doug, When the Dies are firmly seated against the planchet and the striking process is near completion, then that hole is firmly filled not only with the incuse details on the Dies but also the relief details on the nearly completed, struck coin. At this point, there is no hole per say for the grease or oil to flow into and the details on both the Die and the nearly completed coin which cross the Die Polish lines at right or left angles are the obstructions to the flow. These obstructions which sort of act like dams on a river, may not obstruct the entire flow but they obstruct enough of the flow to cause the grease or oil to exert pressure on the already created pressure ridge lines which run parallel with the Die Polish lines...thus the squiggly lines. Frank Frank
I could be wrong, but it seems to me that planchet defects are not likely as they would have been obliterated when the coin was struck, especially on a proof coin that is struck twice.
Doug, Have you ever read this post on the NGC forum relating to the orange peel effect. This particular coin has me baffled and I think there are multiple things going on, some die related, others planchet related. http://boards.collectors-society.com/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=2794815&fpart=1 Paul
I agree and this information gets one to thinking! Since we are talking about a Zinc planchet that is Copper plated and if this same scenario applies, then which of them (the Zinc planchet or the Copper plating) is the culprit for the Orange peel effect on Proof Cents??!! Was the Zinc planchet too hot or too cold when the Copper plating was added or the Copper plating too hot or too cold when it was added to the Zinc planchet???? The scenario is a possible explanation to the cause of the Orange peel effect but still does not explain the lines and squiggly lines of Orange peel effect that are parallel with the Die Polish lines! Frank
It was the concensus of the NGC/PCGS boards that it had numerous issues but the main character flaw was a plating issue in which I would tend to agree. This is my opinion and MAY differ from yours...
Here is a sampling of some of my proofs. All of these are certified 69 UC or DC by PCGS or NGC. BTW, I have several other examples both certified and not, but only dated 1984 to 1995, but not before or after. Funny how that correlates to there plating problem era. My pics are not the worlds best, but I think you can see at least that these are very similar to the OP's. OK, Doug, if it is die polishing, then all coins series should have some coins with the same effects - dimes, quarters, halves, etc. I showed you 4 Lincolns. Can you show me any from another series? And, since these are all proofs, we will only count proof coins here.
Yes, rlm, I suppose I could show you very similar examples from other denominations if I wanted to take the time to search them out. But if you read the thread to the NGC board then you saw that others will back me up that such examples exist. I'll let it go at that as frankly I do not want to take the time to find pics of such examples. As I stated previously, I cannot say definitively that I am right in my opinion, for that's all it is, an opinion. But that's all anybody else has as well, including those on the NGC & PCGS boards - opinions. And all of those opinions fly in the face of the long held conclusion that these parallel lines and orange peel effects are caused by worn out dies and die polishing. And those conclusions have been formed over many years by the foremost minds in the hobby. Is it possible they are wrong and these new & different opinons are correct ? Sure, it's possible. But don't you think that over the years all of those people thought of all these possibilities as well ? Metalury after all is nothing new. The heating and annealing of planchets and dies is nothing new. Die polish lines are nothing new. Flow lines on worn dies is nothing new. These people have known and understood all of these things for decades. And probably much better than we understand them. That said, there is one thing that I cannot get past in the reasoning used to postulate that the orange peel effect is caused by a planchet defect created in the annealing process. That thing is this - any surface deformation on the planchet that is created prior to striking would be obliterated when the planchet was struck. The metal on the planchet is much softer than that of the die. And if the surface of the die is smooth then the surface of the planchet is going to be smooth because as the metal flows across the surface of the die it will be forced to be smooth. It is only marks on the die that are imparted to the coin. So if the coin ends up having an orange peel effect or parallel lines then those marks must be on the die as well. Now I am more than able to keep an open mind and more than willing to accept new ideas. But before I can do so, someone has to present me with a logical explanation as to how what I described above can be overcome. And so far, I have not seen that. Yes they are two different things. And each has a separate and distinct cause. But both things are caused by the surface of the die - not by the surface of the planchet. And before someone else brings it up, yes I am well aware of the bubbling issue that plated cents have. I am also aware that occasionally deep scratches on planchets are not totally obliterated by striking. But those scratches do not cover the majority of the coin and in case they are always incuse not raised. And both of those things are quite different than what we are discussing here.
I think it occurred over time and they didn't look like that day-one, which goes along your line of thought Doug, that they looked right in the beginning and didn't have the streaks and peel look to them when struck. The planchet was contaminated and electrolysis occurred from the disimilar metals and the weird streaks and orange peel effect occurred because of it. Ribbit Ps: In theory, the reason why the raised areas don't show it as well as the smooth areas is because when metal is bent, it strengthens the metal's surface. That's what they do to the body of vehicles to give them more strength to withstand slight impacts. Pps: In 10 to 20 years, those coins are going to look ugly! That's why I won't collect the copper coated zinc pennies, although in a couple hundred years, they will be worth a fortune because of how few survived the differental metal problem.
It might be that they are caused by rough or careless cleaning, wiping, or drying before it was struck. But it is probably in the die the was cleaned in a hurry. Ah, forget what I said, it doesn't make any sense.
Looking at the coins in hand, they look more like organized small bubbles (separations) to me. That much reminds me of something interfering with the plating sticking to the base metal. One thing I can say it that they are significantly wider (dramatically so) than any die polishing lines I have ever seen and I have never seen a die polish line be other that a continuous line. They run from A to B without interruption. These do not. In short, there is nothing about these line that reminds me of die polish. And then there is the fact that these are proofs. The mint may not have the best quality control, but I find it unlikely that, if the were dies that obviously impaired, they could allow their continued use. And, although I have not seen as many other proofs, I would say between 1/4 and 1/3 of my Lincolns from that era exhibit that effect to one extent or another. I find it extremely unlikely that I would not have seen at least one of these in another series if they were being caused by die polishing.