This 1979 D mint mark is just so very dark no matter how I turn the coin, and I think there may be a bit of a cud in the center? Got any input on how this comes about please?
1) CUDs have to come from the rim of the coin towards the center like this: 2) Coins, up until 1989 I believe, had their mint marks hand punched on the dies. A lot of the times, the little die posts broke which caused the mint mark to be filled (like in your case I believe). There could also be a small die chip inside the mint mark but it would be very small.
When you think about it, on the die, the cavity of the center of the D is a little peg, and it is understandable how it can break off.