Can't see anything in that pic. BTW, what you are referring to is GOUGE, not gauge.
No need at all for assessment, it's genuine, just damaged.
Not originally a part of the note. Counter stamped after leaving FRB. The treasury uses the term 'SPECIMEN'. It's a good note, but the counter...
Without pictures there is no way to answer your question.
All I see is a well worn coin struck with deteriorated dies. The coin was not struck with doubled dies.
I agree, except that it has no value over face.
It's just common plate doubling. It adds no value.
You are correct. 194? S.
The spitting horse variety.
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